What is the term for a carbon atom that has four different groups bonded to it?

What is the term for a carbon atom that has four different groups bonded to it?

An asymmetric carbon atom (chiral carbon) is a carbon atom that is attached to four different types of atoms or groups of atoms. Molecules that cannot be superimposed on their own mirror image are said to be chiral like mirror image.

What name is given to monosaccharides that differ in configuration about the hemiacetal carbon atom?

Isomeric forms of monosaccharides that differ from each other only in their configuration about the hemiacetal carbon atom, such as α-D-glucopyranose and (β-D-glucopyranose (or about the hemiketal carbon, as described below) are called anomers.

What is the term for carbohydrates consisting of three to ten monosaccharide units bonded together?

Terms in this set (13) What two functional groups are present in all monosaccharides? What is the term for carbohydrates consisting of three to ten monosaccharide units bonded together? oligosaccharide. What term refers to isomers that differ in the arrangement of bonds around the hemiacetal carbon?

What are carbohydrate stereoisomers?

Monosaccharides: Carbohydrates that cannot be hydrolyzed to simpler compounds. Steroisomers, Enantiomers, Diastereomers, Meso Compounds: Stereoisomers are compounds having the same molecular formula and same structure, but different orientations of their atoms in space.

What term describes a carbon atom that has four different groups bonded to it quizlet?

A chiral carbon has four different groups bonded to it.

What are asymmetric centers?

asymmetric center Definition Any carbon atom which has all four different types of substituents then such a C-atom will be known as a chiral center or an asymmetric center.

What name is given to monosaccharides?

Contrary to their name (sugars), only some monosaccharides have a sweet taste. Examples of monosaccharides include glucose (dextrose), fructose (levulose), and galactose. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of disaccharides (such as sucrose and lactose) and polysaccharides (such as cellulose and starch).

What are different methods of representing the molecular structures of various carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are divided into four types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides consist of a simple sugar; that is, they have the chemical formula C6H12O6. Disaccharides are two simple sugars.

Is the general term for carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharides?

Disaccharides are comprised of two monosaccharides bonded together. The three naturally occurring disaccharides in human nutrition are sucrose (glucose bonded to fructose), lactose (glucose bonded to galactose), maltose (glucose bonded to glucose).

How can you differentiate the 3 subtypes of carbohydrates?

There are three main types of carbohydrates:

• Sugars. They are also called simple carbohydrates because they are in the most basic form.
• Starches. They are complex carbohydrates, which are made of lots of simple sugars strung together.
• Fiber. It is also a complex carbohydrate.

What is spatial arrangement in chemistry?

Spatial arrangement of atoms concern how different atomic particles and molecules are situated about in the space around the organic compound, namely its carbon chain. This opens up a very broad possibility of different molecules, each with their unique placement of atoms in three-dimensional space .

What is meant by optical isomerism?

Optical isomers are two compounds which contain the same number and kinds of atoms, and bonds (i.e., the connectivity between atoms is the same), and different spatial arrangements of the atoms, but which have non-superimposable mirror images.

Why do two isomers have the same structure?

The two isomers clearly have the same structural framework but they differ in the arrangement of this framework in space – hence the designation stereoisomers. They owe their separate existence to the fact that the double bond is rigid and the parts of the molecule are not free to rotate with respect to each other about this bond.

What do you call isomers that do not interconvert?

Interconversion of these isomers does not occur without breaking one or more chemical bonds. Stereoisomers that do not interconvert rapidly under normal conditions, and therefore are stable enough to be separated, specifically are called configurational isomers.

Why are two stereoisomers of butene not the same?

Most, but not all alkenes, have stereoisomers that are not identical because of different spatial arrangements of the component atoms. Thus there are two stereoisomers of 2-butene that differ in the geometric arrangement of the groups attached to the double bond.

What are the three types of constitutional isomers?

Recall that there are three types of constitutional isomer commonly seen: Chain, positional and functional. Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of the atoms in space.