What was the Parity rights amendment to the 1935 Philippine Constitution all about?

What was the Parity rights amendment to the 1935 Philippine Constitution all about?

“Parity rights” granting U.S. citizens and corporations rights to Philippine natural resources equal to (in parity with) those of Philippine citizens, contrary to Article XIII in the 1935 Philippine Constitution, necessitating a constitutional amendment.

What is the parity amendment?

What is parity? The proposed constitutional amendment would grant to Americans, for a period of 28 years, the privilege of equality with Filipinos in certain fields of economic endeavor, namely the development of natural resources and the ownership and operation of public utilities.

What is the Philippine Trade Act of 1946?

The Bell Act, or Philippine Trade Act of 1946 as this law is generally known, required the amendment of the Philippine Constitution so as to allow American citizens and corporations to exploit the natural resources and operate public utilities, which privilege was restricted to Filipino citizens and corporations.

What is 1943 constitution all about?

The 1943 Constitution was the constitution of the Japanese-sponsored Second Republic of the Philippines (1943-1945). It was recognized as legitimate and binding only in Japanese-controlled areas of the Philippines but was ignored by the United States government and the Philippine Commonwealth government in-exile.

When was the 1935 Constitution amended?

1940
A structural change in the legislature was made when the 1935 Constitution was amended in 1940. The amendment abolished the unicameral legislature and, in its place, a bicameral legislative body was created composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

In what year was the current Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines put into effect?

1987
3, s. 1986, then our current constitution, the 1987 Constitution. This constitution came into full force and effect on February 11, 1987, after President Corazon C. Aquino issued Proclamation No.

What is the Laurel Langley Agreement in 1956?

The Laurel–Langley Agreement was a trade agreement signed in 1955 between the United States and its former colony the Philippines. It was an amendment to the Bell Trade Act, which gave full parity rights to American citizens and businesses.

What happened to the Philippine economy in 1946?

When the Philippines became independent on July 4, 1946, its economy had been thoroughly devastated by World War II. Payment of war damage claims by the U.S. government and an influx of capital were both desperately needed. The act remained extremely unpopular in the Philippines.

Who was the only president under the the 1943 Constitution?

All of the members of the National Assembly of the Second Philippine Republic, who were elected earlier in the week, were members of the KALIBAPI. Pursuant to the 1943 constitution, Jose P. Laurel was unanimously elected president by the National Assembly. Jorge B.

Who approved the 1987 Constitution?

The present Constitution of the Philippines: Approved by the 1986 Constitutional Commission on October 12, 1986, the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines was presented to President Corazon C. Aquino on October 15, 1986. It was ratified on February 2, 1987 by a plebiscite.

What constitution replaced the 1973 Constitution?

In 1973, after the declaration of martial law, the 1935 Constitution was replaced by a new charter, the 1973 Constitution. In commemoration, President Marcos, repealed President Quezon’s Proclamation No. 36, s.

When was Parity Rights created in the Philippines?

These parity rights were created through an amendment of the Philippine Constitution, called the Parity Amendment, which was voted through on March 11, 1947. Of the 548,786 total votes, 432,833 (78.89 percent) voted yes on the amendment, and 115,853 (21.11 percent) voted no.

When did parity in mental health services start?

In 1993/1994 as part of President Clinton’s failed efforts at health care reform, the plan contained a basic package that would have required some parity provisions and called for full integration of mental health services at parity with other medical services beginning in 2001.

When do temporary agency workers get pay parity?

From 6 Apr 2020, UK temporary agency workers employed on a “pay between assignments” contract —also known as a “Swedish derogation” contract — will be entitled to pay parity with directly hired employees after 12 continuous calendar weeks in the same role.

When was the mental health parity and Addiction Equity Act passed?

The Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) was passed in 2008 to correct discriminatory health care practices against those both with a mental illness and/or addiction.