Table of Contents
- 1 What are the physical and chemical properties of oil?
- 2 What conditions does oil form?
- 3 How is oil formed chemically?
- 4 What are physical properties of oil?
- 5 How is gas formed?
- 6 What is the difference in conditions that lead to the formation of natural gas rather than oil?
- 7 What is the chemical properties of oil?
- 8 What are the physical and chemical properties of natural gas?
- 9 How does the formation of petroleum take place?
- 10 How does catagenesis occur in the formation of petroleum?
What are the physical and chemical properties of oil?
Crude oil is a mixture of comparatively volatile liquid hydrocarbons (compounds composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon), though it also contains some nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Those elements form a large variety of complex molecular structures, some of which cannot be readily identified.
What conditions does oil form?
Millions of years ago, algae and plants lived in shallow seas. After dying and sinking to the seafloor, the organic material mixed with other sediments and was buried. Over millions of years under high pressure and high temperature, the remains of these organisms transformed into what we know today as fossil fuels.
What conditions may lead to the formation of oil and gas?
If temperatures of the kerogen are greater than 90°C but lower than 160°C, the kerogen is transformed into oil and natural gas. At temperatures higher than this, only natural gas (literally a gas that’s a hydrocarbon) or graphite is formed. This temperature range is known as the “oil window”.
How is oil formed chemically?
A fossil fuel, petroleum is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, mostly zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and subjected to both intense heat and pressure. Petroleum has mostly been recovered by oil drilling.
What are physical properties of oil?
The most common physical properties used to describe petroleum are density, viscosity, and boiling point ranges. The density of crude oils is usually expressed as API (American Petroleum Institute) gravity, which is inversely related to specific density.
What forms natural gas?
Natural gas is formed when layers of decomposing plant and animal matter are exposed to intense heat and pressure under the surface of the Earth over millions of years. The energy that the plants originally obtained from the sun is stored in the form of chemical bonds in the gas. Natural gas is a fossil fuel.
How is gas formed?
Natural gas is a fossil fuel. Like other fossil fuels such as coal and oil, natural gas forms from the plants, animals, and microorganisms that lived millions of years ago. As plants, animals, and microorganisms decompose, they are gradually covered by layers of soil, sediment, and sometimes rock.
What is the difference in conditions that lead to the formation of natural gas rather than oil?
Explanation: Coal is a solid, oil is a liquid and natural gas is a vapor (gas). Coal and oil form from deposits of animal and vegetable matter deep in the ground at conditions of high pressure over many years. Natural gas is primarily methane with several percent of ethane and other traces of light hydrocarbon gases.
What chemicals are in Oil Spills?
In addition, oil spills can also harm air quality. The chemicals in crude oil are mostly hydrocarbons that contains toxic chemicals such as benzenes, toluene, poly-aromatic hydrocarbon and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
What is the chemical properties of oil?
The viscosity of the oil is largely determined by the amount of lighter and heavier fractions that it contains. The greater the percentage of light components, such as small saturates, and the lesser the amount of asphaltenes, the lower the viscosity.
What are the physical and chemical properties of natural gas?
Composition and properties
| Physical properties | Chemical properties |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | CH4 |
| Mixed molecular weight | 18,2 |
| Boiling temperature at 1 atmosphere | -160,0 °C |
| Melting temperature | -180,0 °C |
What is the temperature at which oil is formed?
Formation Process. If temperatures of the kerogen are greater than 90°C but lower than 160°C, the kerogen is transformed into oil and natural gas. At temperatures higher than this, only natural gas (literally a gas that’s a hydrocarbon) or graphite is formed. This temperature range is known as the “oil window”.
How does the formation of petroleum take place?
The formation of petroleum. Diagenesis is a process of compaction under mild conditions of temperature and pressure. When organic aquatic sediments (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) are deposited, they are very saturated with water and rich in minerals. Through chemical reaction, compaction, and microbial action during burial,
How does catagenesis occur in the formation of petroleum?
As temperatures and pressures increase (deeper burial) the process of catagenesis begins, which is the thermal degradation of kerogen to form hydrocarbon chains. Importantly, the process of catagenesis is catalyzed by the minerals that are deposited and persist through marine diagenesis.
What are the chemical properties of oil sands?
Under the anaerobic conditions prevailing during formation of the oil sands, the saturated hydrocarbons are mostly biodegradable, the aromatic hydrocarbons much less so, and the resins and asphaltenes not at all.