What is a chlorinating agent?

What is a chlorinating agent?

Chlorination roasting produces chloride by the action of some components and chlorinated agent in the material. The chlorinated materials may be oxides, carbides, sulfides, and metals or alloys. Commonly used chlorinated agents are chlorine, HCl, CCl4, CaCl2, NaCl, MgCl2, and FeCl3.

What is pcl5 used for?

Uses of Phosphorus Pentachloride – PCl Used as a chlorinating agent and catalyst ш making organic chemicals, intermediates, dyestuffs, etc. Used as a catalyst in the manufacture of acetyl cellulose the plastic film on which motion pictures are printed. Used as a chlorinating agent in organic chemistry.

What is chlorination in organic chemistry?

Chlorination: Any reaction or process in which chlorine (and no other elements) are introduced into a molecule. Chlorination of an alkene by electrophilic addition of Cl2. Chlorination of a benzene ring by electrophilic aromatic substitution.

What does PCl5 do as a reagent?

Hydrolysis. In its most characteristic reaction, PCl5 reacts upon contact with water to release hydrogen chloride and give phosphorus oxides. The first hydrolysis product is phosphorus oxychloride: PCl5 + H2O → POCl3 + 2 HCl.

Why is PCl5 formed?

In PCl5 the 5sp3d orbitals of phosphorus overlap with p orbitals of chlorine atoms. The p orbitals are singly occupied. Together they form 5 P–Cl sigma bonds.

Are the chlorinating agents used in chlorination reaction?

Sodium chlorite has been used as a chlorinating reagent on several occasions. Acetyl chloride in combination with manganese(III) acetate has also been used for the chlorination of activated substrates and this reaction is significantly accelerated when performed under sonication <1996JCR(S)164>.

What is the chlorination of propane?

Thus chlorination of propane gives both 1-chloropropane and 2-chloropropane as mono-chlorinated products. Four constitutionally isomeric dichlorinated products are possible, and five constitutional isomers exist for the trichlorinated propanes.

Why is chlorine used as a bleaching agent?

Chlorine, a powerful oxidizer, is the active agent in many household bleaches. Since pure chlorine is a toxic corrosive gas, these products usually contain hypochlorite, which releases chlorine when needed. “Bleaching powder” usually means a formulation containing calcium hypochlorite.

Why PCl5 is Lewis acid?

According to the Lewis concept, acid is the substance that accepts a lone pair of electrons since it has empty orbitals in the valence shell. The phosphorus in PCl5 readily accepts electrons from other molecules. Therefore, it is considered as a Lewis acid.

What is PCl5 in chemistry?

Phosphorus pentachloride is a greenish-yellow crystalline solid with an irritating odor. It is decomposed by water to form hydrochloric and phosphoric acid and heat. Phosphorus pentachloride is a phosphorus halide.

What is the purpose of chlorine in water treatment?

Chlorination is the process of adding chlorine to drinking water to kill parasites, bacteria, and viruses. Different processes can be used to achieve safe levels of chlorine in drinking water.

How does PCL 5 act as a chlorinating agent?

(a) PCl 5 has a trigonal bipyramidal shape in which P—Cl (axial) bonds are slightly larger than the P—Cl (equatorial) bonds. This makes the molecule, rather, unstable. It dissociates to lose two chlorine atoms involved in the axial bonds and thus, acts as a chlorinating agent.

How does PCl5 form in a vapor state?

C 2 H 5 OH (Ethyl Alcohol) + PCl 5 → C 2 H 5 Cl (Ethyl Chloride) + POCl 3 + HCl d. It reacts with metals on heating to give corresponding chlorides. PCl5 molecule has a trigonal bipyramidal shape in vapor state which arises from sp 3 d hybridization of a phosphorus atom.

What kind of shape does PCl5 molecule have?

PCl5 molecule has a trigonal bipyramidal shape in vapor state which arises from sp 3 d hybridization of a phosphorus atom. Used as a chlorinating agent and catalyst ш making organic chemicals, intermediates, dyestuffs, etc.

What happens when alcohol is mixed with PCl5?

Reaction with phosphorus (V) chloride, PCl5 Solid phosphorus (V) chloride (phosphorus pentachloride) reacts violently with alcohols at room temperature, producing clouds of hydrogen chloride gas. It isn’t a good choice as a way of making chloroalkanes, although it is used as a test for -OH groups in organic chemistry.