Table of Contents
How is ATP produced in mitochondria and chloroplast?
In eukaryotes, the ATP synthase complex is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria, with ATP synthesis reaction occurring on the membrane side toward matrix compartment. In plants, the enzyme is in addition localized in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, with the ATP-forming-moiety facing the stroma.
How are mitochondria related to ATP?
Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
How do mitochondria and chloroplast work together?
-Chloroplasts convert the sunlight (absorbed by the chlorophyll) into food, and then mitochondria make/produce energy out of the food in the form of ATP.
Where does the energy that drives ATP synthesis in the mitochondria and chloroplast come from?
Chapter 14Energy Conversion: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts. Through a set of reactions that occur in the cytosol, energy derived from the partial oxidation of energy-rich carbohydrate molecules is used to form ATP, the chemical energy currency of cells (discussed in Chapter 2).
How does ATP get out of the mitochondria?
Mitochondrial ADP/ATP carriers transport ADP into the mitochondrial matrix for ATP synthesis, and ATP out to fuel the cell, by cycling between cytoplasmic-open and matrix-open states. The cytoplasmic side of the carrier is closed by conserved hydrophobic residues, and a salt bridge network, braced by tyrosines.
What does the mitochondria do for the cell how is it related to the chosen analogy?
The mitochondria supply the energy for the cell by transforming sugars into energy as does a power company produce energy for the city. 7. The chromosomes are rod-shaped bodies found in the nucleus. They are made of DNA and protein.
What is required for ATP synthesis in the mitochondria?
The mechanism of ATP synthesis appears to be as follows. During the transfer of hydrogen atoms from FMNH2 or FADH2 to oxygen, protons (H+ ions) are pumped across the crista from the inside of the mitochondrion to the outside. The energy released is used to convert ADP and Pi to ATP.
How is optimization of ATP synthase performed in mitochondria?
Optimization of ATP synthase function in mitochondria and chloroplasts via the adenylate kinase equilibrium. The bulk of ATP synthesis in plants is performed by ATP synthase, the main bioenergetics engine of cells, operating both in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.
Where does the bulk of ATP synthesis take place?
The bulk of ATP synthesis in plants is performed by ATP synthase, the main bioenergetics engine of cells, operating both in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.
How are adenylates transported in the mitochondria?
In mitochondria, adenylates are transported through the membrane, whereas their stromal pool is self-sufficient to support chloroplastic ATP synthase; the activity of adenylate transport between chloroplast and cytosol is very low, representing ∼1% of activity of the triose phosphate translocator ( Weber and Fischer, 2007 ).
Where do mitochondria and chloroplasts come from?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts both have there own genome. They are both believed to come from external sources. They think chloroplasts came from cyanobacteria.