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Is fetal alcohol syndrome the leading cause of intellectual disability?

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Is fetal alcohol syndrome the leading cause of intellectual disability?

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is one of the leading causes of preventable birth defects and intellectual disabilities (source: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist). Alcohol passes directly from the blood stream of a pregnant woman, through the placenta, to the developing fetus’ brain.

What is the leading cause of mental retardation in the US?

The three most common identifiable causes for MR are fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), Fragile X syndrome (FXS), and Down syndrome (DS).

Where is FASD most prevalent?

Of 187 countries, South Africa was estimated to have the highest prevalence of FASD at 111.1 per 1000 population (95% CI, 71.1-158.4 per 1000 population), followed by Croatia at 53.3 per 1000 population (95% CI, 30.9-81.2 per 1000 population) and Ireland at 47.5 per 1000 population (95% CI, 28.0-73.6 per 1000 …

What does it mean to have fetal alcohol syndrome?

Fetal alcohol syndrome. Overview. Fetal alcohol syndrome is a condition in a child that results from alcohol exposure during the mother’s pregnancy. Fetal alcohol syndrome causes brain damage and growth problems.

Are there any birth defects associated with alcohol?

Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBD) is rarely seen alone but rather as a secondary disorder accompanying other FASD conditions (e.g., FAS and ARBD). Neurobehavioral Disorder Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (ND-PAE) is a new psychiatric diagnosis in the DSM–5.

Are there any medical problems associated with prenatal alcohol exposure?

Facial abnormalities and growth retardation need not be present. This disorder includes medical conditions linked to prenatal alcohol exposure such as: heart, kidney, and bone problems and other malformations; difficulty seeing and hearing; and reduced immune function.

What is the prevalence of FASD in the United States?

Prevalence of FASDs. Using medical and other records, CDC studies have identified 0.2 to 1.5 infants with FAS for every 1,000 live births in certain areas of the United States. 1 The most recent CDC study analyzed medical and other records and found FAS in 0.3 out of 1,000 children from 7 to 9 years of age.