What are antineoplastic agents and examples?

What are antineoplastic agents and examples?

Antineoplastic agents that are well known to cause significant direct hepatotoxicity when given in moderate to high doses (particularly when used in myeloablation before hematopoietic cell transplantation) include busulfan, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, cytarabine, fluorouracil, carboplatin and L- …

Which are anticancer agents?

anticancer drug, also called antineoplastic drug, any drug that is effective in the treatment of malignant, or cancerous, disease. There are several major classes of anticancer drugs; these include alkylating agents, antimetabolites, natural products, and hormones.

Is cyclophosphamide a nitrogen mustard?

The nitrogen mustard class includes mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, 4-hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, chlorambucil, and melphalan. These drugs all share a common bischloroethyl group attached to nitrogen and a substituted “R” group that provides drug specificity (Fig. 57.3).

What are cell-cycle specific drugs?

Chemotherapy drugs that kill cancer cells only when they are dividing are called cell-cycle specific. Chemotherapy drugs that kill cancer cells when they are at rest are called cell-cycle non-specific.

Is tamoxifen an antineoplastic agent?

3.2. 1 Tamoxifen. Tamoxifen (TAM) (1-p-beta-dimethylamino-ethoxyphenyl-trans-1,2-diphenylbut-1-ene) is a class of drugs known as antineoplastic nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). The mode of action of TAM is to competitively inhibit the binding of estradiol to estrogen receptors.

Which antineoplastic agent contains platinum?

Platinum-based anticancer drugs, including cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, nedaplatin, and lobaplatin, are heavily applied in chemotherapy regimens.

Are all antineoplastic drugs hazardous?

Antineoplastic drugs, also known as chemotherapy, cytotoxic and oncology drugs, are used to treat cancer, as well as arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and other non-cancer medical conditions. Most antineoplastic drugs are classified by NIOSH as hazardous drugs.

Is bendamustine a nitrogen mustard?

Bendamustine (BM) is a nitrogen mustard used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. It belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.

What drugs cause bone marrow suppression?

Other chemicals/drugs known to cause bone marrow suppression include chloramphenicol, meclofenamic acid, phenylbutazone, quinidine, trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, albendazole and fenbendazole (Manyan et al., 1972).

What are the different types of antineoplastic agents?

Types of Antineoplastic Agents. The chemicals and drugs used in the treatment of cancer may be divided into several main groups. The first group, the alkylating agents, are capable of damaging the DNA of cells, thereby interfering with the process of replication; they are cell cycle phase nonspecific.

When did antineoplastic agents start to be used?

The first antineoplastic agents, used in the 1940s, were made from either synthetic chemicals or natural plants. Antineoplastic agents are classified by origin and by how they work to destroy cancer cells.

How are antineoplastic agents harmful to healthy cells?

The adverse health effects associated with antineoplastic agents (cancer chemotherapy drugs, cytotoxic drugs) in cancer patients and some non-cancer patients treated with these drugs are well documented. The very nature of antineoplastic agents make them harmful to healthy cells and tissues as well as the cancerous cells.

Are there any new antineoplastic agents for cancer?

None of the empirically developed conventional antineoplastic drugs appears to act on a process entirely unique to cancer cells. Newer therapies that specifically target markers or pathways unique to particular cancers are evolving. However, the mainstay of cancer therapy continues to be traditional chemotherapy.