Table of Contents
What is the significance of determination of saponification number?
The saponification number indicates how much potassium hydroxide is needed to saponify 1g fat. This information can be used to calculate how many acids (esters and free acids) are contained in a fat or oil. The greater the number of saponification, the more short- and medium-chain fatty acids the fat contains.
What is saponification value of lubricant?
saponification number – number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) that combines with 1 gram of oil under conditions specified by test method ASTM D 94. Saponification number is an indication of the amount of fatty saponifiable material in a compounded oil.
How saponification number of oil is determined?
Saponification Value = (A – B) x N x 56.1 W This method is used to determine the total acid content, both free and combined, of tall oil. The saponification value is therefore a measure of tall oil quality. It is determined by measuring the alkali required to saponify the combined acids and neutralize the free acids.
What is the principle of saponification value?
Principle: Saponification value is defined as the number of milligrams of KOH required to completely hydrolyse (saponify) one gram of the oil/fat. In practice a known amount of the oil or fat is refluxed with excess amount of standard alcoholic potash solution and the unused alkali is titrated against a standard acid.
What is the result of Saponification?
As a result of the Saponification process, the fatty acids are hydrolyzed in presence of an alkali so as to form salts of alkali and alcohol. Upon cooling of the dissolved mixture, solid soap was observed the end of the process. A clear, pale pink solution indicates good results.
What is iodine number and its significance?
The iodine value (or iodine adsorption value or iodine number or iodine index, commonly abbreviated as IV) in chemistry is the mass of iodine in grams that is consumed by 100 grams of a chemical substance. Iodine numbers are often used to determine the amount of unsaturation in fats, oils and waxes.
What is the saponification of oil and fat?
Saponification is the process of making soap from alkali and fat (or oil). Vegetable oils and animal fats are fatty esters in the form of triglycerides. The alkali breaks the ester bond and releases the fatty acid salt and glycerol. If necessary, soaps may be precipitated by salting out with saturated sodium chloride.
Why Naoh is used in saponification reaction?
Saponification is a process by which triglycerides are reacted with sodium or potassium hydroxide (lye) to produce glycerol and a fatty acid salt called “soap.” The triglycerides are most often animal fats or vegetable oils. When sodium hydroxide is used, a hard soap is produced.
What is identified by saponification value?
The saponification value is the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide necessary to neutralise the free acids and to saponify the esters present in 1 g of the substance. It is an index of mean molecular weight of the fatty acids of the glycerides.
What is saponification in organic chemistry?
Saponification can be defined as a “hydration reaction where free hydroxide breaks the ester bonds between the fatty acids and glycerol of a triglyceride, resulting in free fatty acids and glycerol,” which are each soluble in aqueous solutions.
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