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When was Gulistan written?

When was Gulistan written?

1258
The Gulistan is a book of Persian prose written in 1258 by Sheikh Sadi Shirazi, a writer widely recognized as one of the greatest masters of the classical Persian literary tradition.

What are the main features of Persian poetry?

On the other hand, Persian poets and writers are proven masters of vignettes, aphorisms, pithy remarks, proverbial sayings, felicitous formulations, pregnant allusions, illustrative anecdotes, and imaginative short descriptions; almost all of these techniques are exemplified in the pages of the most celebrated Persian …

What is the subject matter of Gulistan?

Written some seven and a half centuries ago by Sadi of Shiraz the Gulistan or Rose Garden is a collection of moral stories divided into eight themes: The Conduct of Kings, The Character of Dervishes, The Superiority of Contentment, The Benefits of Silence, Love and Youth, Feebleness and Old Age, The Effects of …

When did the notable writers of Iran began to write short stories?

In the first half of the 15th century, writers began producing original works in Chagatai. These works reflected the Timurids’ preoccupation with systematization that can also be found in the poetry they patronized in the Persian language.

Was Sheikh Saadi a Shia?

Saadi was a Sunni Muslim. According to Annemarie Schimmel the tendency of Shia to associate with the Sunni poet became the norm after Twelver Shiaism became the state religion of the Safavid Empire. Saadi Shirazi whose family were from religious scholars, missed his father when he was a child.

What is the meaning of Gulistan?

The Flower Land
Gulistan or Golestan or Golastan (Persian: گلستان‎) is a Persian word and means “The Flower Land or The Antholand “.

What are the principal poetic forms in Persian civilization?

Classical Persian poetry is always rhymed. The principal verse forms are the Qasideh, Masnavi, Qazal and Ruba’i.

What are the influences of the Persian literature?

Persian literature is the jewel in the crown of Persian culture. It has profoundly influenced the literatures of Ottoman Turkey, Muslim India and Turkic Central Asia and been a source of inspiration for Goethe, Emerson, Matthew Arnold and Jorge Luis Borges among others.

Who translated Gulistan?

Friedrich Ochsenbach based a German translation (1636) on this. Georgius Gentius produced a Latin version accompanied by the Persian text in 1651. Adam Olearius made the first direct German translation. The Golestan has been translated into many languages.

In what form were the first writings of the modern Persia?

There exist documents written in the Old Iranian languages that have survived for nearly three millennia. The oldest texts are the Gāthās, 16 (or perhaps 17) short hymns written in an archaic form of an Old Iranian language called Avestan, named for the Avesta, the holy book of Zoroastrianism.

What major works of literature were written under the Persian Empire?

Some of the famous works of classical Persian literature are the Shahnameh, the great Persian epic, by Ferdowsi (شاهنامه فردوسی), Bustan and Golestan by Sa’di (بوستان و گلستان سعدی), Masnavi-e-Ma’navi and Divan-e Shams by Rumi(مثنوی معنوی و دیوان شمس مولانا رومی), Rubaiyat by Omar Khayyam (رباعیات عمر خیام), Divan-e …

Who wrote Balaghal Ula Bikamalihi?

The Prophet ﷺ added the final verse by reciting: “Sallu alae-hi wa Aal-e-hi.” Therefore, this Rubai, written by Sheikh Saadi, was completed by Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ himself.