Table of Contents
- 1 What is the source of aminoglycoside?
- 2 When is aminoglycoside used?
- 3 How was aminoglycoside discovered?
- 4 What is the action of aminoglycosides?
- 5 Who discovered aminoglycoside?
- 6 How are aminoglycosides administered?
- 7 Where can aminoglycosides be taken in the body?
- 8 What is the target concentration of an aminoglycoside?
What is the source of aminoglycoside?
Aminoglycosides are natural or semisynthetic antibiotics derived from actinomycetes. They were among the first antibiotics to be introduced for routine clinical use and several examples have been approved for use in humans.
What are the indication of aminoglycoside?
Since this drug class has demonstrated effectiveness in multi-drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens, aminoglycosides are indicated for empiric therapy in patients with severe illness; this includes empiric treatment for patients with infective endocarditis, sepsis, complicated intraabdominal infections, and …
When is aminoglycoside used?
Aminoglycosides are used in the treatment of severe infections of the abdomen and urinary tract, as well as bacteremia and endocarditis. They are also used for prophylaxis, especially against endocarditis. Resistance is rare but increasing in frequency.
What is the brand name for aminoglycosides?
List of Aminoglycosides:
| Drug Name | Avg. Rating | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| Humatin (Pro) Generic name: paromomycin | 4.0 | 2 reviews |
| Amikin (Pro) Generic name: amikacin | 2.5 | 1 review |
| Zemdri (Pro) Generic name: plazomicin | No reviews | |
| TOBI Podhaler (Pro) Generic name: tobramycin | No reviews |
How was aminoglycoside discovered?
The first aminoglycoside, the antibiotic streptomycin, was discovered in 1943 by American biochemists Selman Waksman, Albert Schatz, and Elizabeth Bugie, who isolated the compound from Streptomyces griseus, a strain of soil bacteria.
What do aminoglycosides target?
Aminoglycosides are a class of clinically important antibiotics used in the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. They are bactericidal, targeting the bacterial ribosome, where they bind to the A-site and disrupt protein synthesis.
What is the action of aminoglycosides?
Aminoglycosides are potent bactericidal antibiotics that act by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, thereby binding bacterial 30S or 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site, and also causing misreading of mRNA.
What is an example of an aminoglycoside?
The aminoglycosides are broad-spectrum, bactericidal antibiotics that are commonly prescribed for children, primarily for infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens. The aminoglycosides include gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin, neomycin, and streptomycin.
Who discovered aminoglycoside?
How does aminoglycoside work?
How are aminoglycosides administered?
Because aminoglycosides are normally used to treat serious infections, they are typically administered into the veins of the body (intravenously, or IV). However, some aminoglycosides can be taken orally, or as ear or eye drops.
How do you monitor aminoglycosides?
Using a nomogram is a popular method of monitoring aminoglycoside treatment if extended interval dosing is being followed. Commonly used nomograms include the Hartford nomogram and Urban and Craig nomogram. All nomograms are designed for a certain population group with a fixed dose of aminoglycoside.
Where can aminoglycosides be taken in the body?
Because aminoglycosides are normally used to treat serious infections, they are typically administered into the veins of the body (intravenously, or IV). However, some aminoglycosides can be taken orally, or as ear or eye drops.
What are the names of the aminoglycosides drugs?
There are several drugs within the aminoglycoside class, including gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, neomycin, plazomicin, and streptomycin, and FDA-approved indications vary between the for these individual aminoglycosides.
What is the target concentration of an aminoglycoside?
Back to serum concentrations. Our target peak concentration for an aminoglycoside depends on the indication. For example, when using gentamicin or tobramycin, target peaks for serious or life threatening infections can range from 6-10 mcg/mL.
Are there any side effects to taking aminoglycoside?
Adverse effects. Aminoglycoside can cause inner ear toxicity which can result in sensorineural hearing loss. The incidence of inner ear toxicity varies from 7 to 90%, depending on the types of antibiotics used, susceptibility of the patient to such antibiotics, and the duration of antibiotic administration.