Table of Contents
What happens to the molecules of a solid when it is heated?
When a solid is heated the particles gain energy and start to vibrate faster and faster. Further heating provides more energy until the particles start to break free of the structure. Although the particles are still loosely connected they are able to move around. At this point the solid is melting to form a liquid.
What is the result of convection?
Convection currents are the result of differential heating. Lighter (less dense), warm material rises while heavier (more dense) cool material sinks. It is this movement that creates circulation patterns known as convection currents in the atmosphere, in water, and in the mantle of Earth.
How does temperature affect the motion of particles in solids?
With an increase in temperature, the particles move faster as they gain kinetic energy, resulting in increased collision rates and an increased rate of diffusion. In a solid, the particles pack together as tightly as possible in a neat and ordered arrangement.
What happens to molecules when the temperature drops or lowers?
As the temperature of a solid, liquid or gas increases, the particles move more rapidly. As the temperature falls, the particles slow down. If a liquid is cooled sufficiently, it forms a solid.
How do convection currents influence the weather?
During convection, cooler water or air sinks, and warmer water or air rises. This movement causes currents. These currents move water all around the earth, bringing warm water to cooler areas and vice versa. This redistributes thermal energy and causes changes in the weather.
How does the volume of particles change with temperature?
Volume increases when temperature increases. Volume decreases when temperature deceases. Why does volume change when temperature is increased or decreased? The distance between the particles increases with heat and this is called expansion. When cooled, the distance of particles decreases and this is called contraction.
How does temperature affect the diffusion of particles?
Time: Temperature: Increasing the temperature increases the diffusion rate by adding energy to each particle. Particle size: Smaller particles diffuse faster than larger ones Distance: Smaller distances result in faster diffusion rates Draw a diagram of what the particles are doing during diffusion.
Why do particles move faster in a liquid?
Particles in a solid are tightly packed and have limited movement. When the particles of a solid are heated, they move faster, move farther apart and take up more room. When the particles of a liquid, such as water, are heated, they move faster, move farther apart and take up more room.
What happens to the distance between particles when cooled?
The distance between the particles increases with heat and this is called expansion. When cooled, the distance of particles decreases and this is called contraction.