Table of Contents
- 1 How do human male and female germ cells differ in their development?
- 2 How does differentiation of the reproductive system occur in males and females?
- 3 What is the function of female germ cell?
- 4 How do primordial germ cells migrate?
- 5 How do the male and female reproductive organs differentiate after 6 weeks gestation?
- 6 What would occur during fetal development to an XY individual with a mutation causing a non functional SRY gene?
- 7 Are there any male specific transcripts in germ cells?
- 8 How are germ cells separated from Sertoli cells?
How do human male and female germ cells differ in their development?
These spermatids differentiate into motile, highly simplified sperm cells, which are the fully mature male gametes. In females, the germ cell produces an Oogonium diploid cell, which becomes the primary oocyte. This oocyte undergoes the first meiotic division and produces two haploid products.
What happens to the primordial germ cells in females?
These primordial germ cells migrate to the developing gonads, which will form the ovaries in females and the testes in males. After a period of mitotic proliferation, the primordial germ cells undergo meiosis and differentiate into mature gametes—either eggs or sperm.
How does differentiation of the reproductive system occur in males and females?
Sexual differentiation of the mammalian fetus progresses from a single “indifferent” stage, in which precursors of both male (Wolffian duct) and female (Müllerian duct) internal genitalia and undifferentiated external genitalia are present, to become fully differentiated based on the genetic sex of the individual.
What happens in the uterus that differentiates the fetus into either male or female?
The fetus appears to be sexually indifferent, looking neither like a male or a female. Over the next five weeks, the fetus begins producing hormones that cause its sex organs to grow into either male or female organs. This process is called sexual differentiation.
What is the function of female germ cell?
Germ cells differentiate to produce male and female gametes, sperm and unfertilized eggs (oocytes or ova), and undergo meiosis to produce a haploid set of chromosomes. Haploid gametes then unite to form a diploid zygote that develops into a new individual.
Do female germ cells undergo mitosis?
The fate of germ cells is dictated by the somatic environment. In both the developing ovary and the testis, germ cells undergo mitotic proliferation prenatally, but the time of entry into meiosis and the duration of meiosis are strikingly different between the sexes.
How do primordial germ cells migrate?
After specification Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are carried into the embryo by the midgut primordium. PGCs polarize and migrate through the midgut epithelium at stages 9–10 (∼4.5h After Egg Laying (AEL)). ii. PGCs reorient on midgut towards the mesoderm at stage 10 (∼5h 10m AEL).
What is the function of primordial germ cell?
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are germline stem cells that give rise to gametes in vertebrates. They originate outside the embryo very early in the development and migrate by a well-defined route into the genital ridges.
How do the male and female reproductive organs differentiate after 6 weeks gestation?
During early development the gonads of the fetus remain undifferentiated; that is, all fetal genitalia are the same and are phenotypically female. After approximately 6 to 7 weeks of gestation, however, the expression of a gene on the Y chromosome induces changes that result in the development of the testes.
In which of these organ systems do the males and females have different organs?
The reproductive system is the only human organ system that is significantly different between males and females.
What would occur during fetal development to an XY individual with a mutation causing a non functional SRY gene?
If the SRY gene were not functional, the XY individual would be genetically a male, but would develop female reproductive structures.
What’s the difference between a male and a female germ cell?
A female germ cell, also known as ovum, is a female gamete involves in sexual reproduction. Chromosomes. A male germ cell is heterozygous with X and Y chromosomes (XY). A female germ cell is homozygous with two X chromosomes (XX).
Are there any male specific transcripts in germ cells?
The first female- and male-specific transcripts reported thus far are Stra8 and Cripto, respectively: these are crucial for launching meiosis in ovarian germ cells and, seemingly, for maintaining a state of transient pluripotency in testicular germ cells.
How are sperms developed in the female germ cell?
Sperms are developed with the ability of motility in order to reach the female germ cell; ovum and penetrate it which completes the process of fertilization and then develops into a structure known as the zygote. Some sperms are nonmotile, and they are referred to as spermatium.
How are germ cells separated from Sertoli cells?
Panning is an efficient method for crude separation of germ cells from Sertoli cells and relies on the fact that Sertoli cells will stick to a culture plate while germ cells will not. So, after plating and a 2–3-day incubation the germ cells can be removed from the top of the plate leaving the Sertoli cells behind.