Table of Contents
How are drugs absorbed in the lungs?
Before the inhaled drug can be absorbed into the blood from the lung periphery, it has several barriers to overcome: lung surfactant, surface lining fluid, epithelium, interstitium and basement membrane and the endothelium. Drug absorption is regulated by a thin alveolar–vascular permeable barrier.
How does smoking affect the respiratory system?
The effects of tobacco smoke on the respiratory system include: irritation of the trachea (windpipe) and larynx (voice box) reduced lung function and breathlessness due to swelling and narrowing of the lung airways and excess mucus in the lung passages.
How does drugs and alcohol affect the heart?
Effects of Drugs on the Heart Stronger drugs can easily lead to heart attacks and strokes, especially in people who already have heart issues. Additionally, drug addiction leads to many cardiovascular problems that end up being a lifelong illness.
What is the most common drug induced respiratory problems?
Interstitial pneumonitis (ie, inflammation of the lung interstitium, such as the alveolar septa) is the most common manifestation of drug-induced lung disease. A wide array of drugs can cause interstitial pneumonitis.
What is the major mechanism for absorption of drug?
The most common mechanism of absorption for drugs is passive diffusion. This process can be explained through the Fick law of diffusion, in which the drug molecule moves according to the concentration gradient from a higher drug concentration to a lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.
How does a drug travel through the body?
Drugs undergo four stages within the body: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. After a drug is administered, it is absorbed into the bloodstream. The circulatory system then distributes the drug throughout the body. Then it is metabolized by the body.
How does smoking affect circulatory system?
The effects of tobacco smoke on the circulatory system include: raised blood pressure and heart rate. constriction (tightening) of blood vessels in the skin, resulting in a drop in skin temperature. less oxygen carried by the blood during exercise.
How does drugs affect the heart?
The more prominent drugs associated with cardiovascular disease are the stimulants and opioid drugs. These may increase the risk of vascular and/or heart disorders by disrupting the balance of certain neurotransmitters, called catecholamines, in the body and brain.
What effect can drugs have on the heart?
Most illegal drugs can have adverse cardiovascular effects, ranging from abnormal heart rate to heart attacks. Injecting illegal drugs also can lead to cardiovascular problems, such as collapsed veins and bacterial infections of the blood vessels and heart valves.