Table of Contents [hide]
- 1 What are DNA fragments called?
- 2 How do DNA fragments separate in gel electrophoresis?
- 3 What are bacterial plasmids?
- 4 What are restriction enzymes why they are named as restriction enzymes?
- 5 What is the use of DNA ligase enzyme in DNA replication?
- 6 What are small circular pieces of DNA called?
- 7 How is an agarose gel used to separate DNA?
What are DNA fragments called?
A restriction fragment is a DNA fragment resulting from the cutting of a DNA strand by a restriction enzyme (restriction endonucleases), a process called restriction. Restriction fragments can be analyzed using techniques such as gel electrophoresis or used in recombinant DNA technology.
Which enzyme is used to attach fragments of DNA for cloning?
DNA ligase
DNA ligase is a DNA-joining enzyme. If two pieces of DNA have matching ends, ligase can link them to form a single, unbroken molecule of DNA. In DNA cloning, restriction enzymes and DNA ligase are used to insert genes and other pieces of DNA into plasmids.
How do DNA fragments separate in gel electrophoresis?
Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments according to their size. DNA fragments are negatively charged, so they move towards the positive electrode. Because all DNA fragments have the same amount of charge per mass, small fragments move through the gel faster than large ones.
What genetic engineering process involves DNA strands are cut into fragments?
Answer: Recombinant DNA technology enables individual fragments of DNA from any genome to be inserted into vector DNA molecules, such as plasmids, and individually amplified in bacteria. Each amplified fragment is called a DNA clone.
What are bacterial plasmids?
A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell’s chromosomal DNA. Plasmids naturally exist in bacterial cells, and they also occur in some eukaryotes. Often, the genes carried in plasmids provide bacteria with genetic advantages, such as antibiotic resistance.
What is the name given to a plasmid that is used to transfer DNA from one organism to another?
Recombinant DNA technology enables individual fragments of DNA from any genome to be inserted into vector DNA molecules, such as plasmids, and individually amplified in bacteria. Each amplified fragment is called a DNA clone.
What are restriction enzymes why they are named as restriction enzymes?
The restriction enzyme prevents replication of the phage DNA by cutting it into many pieces. Restriction enzymes were named for their ability to restrict, or limit, the number of strains of bacteriophage that can infect a bacterium.
What are restriction fragments quizlet?
restriction fragment. the fragment of DNA that is produced by cleaving DNA with a restriction enzyme.
What is the use of DNA ligase enzyme in DNA replication?
DNA ligases play an essential role in maintaining genomic integrity by joining breaks in the phosphodiester backbone of DNA that occur during replication and recombination, and as a consequence of DNA damage and its repair.
Which DNA ligase enzyme is used in genetic engineering?
The most commonly used DNA ligase in these applications is the ATP-dependent enzyme from bacteriophage T4, which was also one of the first to be discovered (Weiss and Richardson, 1967).
What are small circular pieces of DNA called?
Small circular pieces of DNA that are found in many species of bacteria and that exist independently of the bacterial chromosome are called plasmids A limitation of vectors is that they: can only carry small segments of DNA
How are Genes isolated from a bacterial cell?
Small, circular pieces of DNA Found in many bacterial species In order to isolate a gene of interest to be cloned, the cell housing the gene must be broken open, the DNA must be extracted, and the DNA must be purified using separation techniques such as chromatography and centrifugation.
How is an agarose gel used to separate DNA?
Agarose gels with different average pore sizes are needed to separate DNA molecules of different size classes. For example, optimal separation of 1100 bp and 1200 bp fragments would require a gel with a smaller average pore size than optimal separation of 8500 bp and 8600 bp fragments.
How is recombinant DNA used in gene cloning?
Recombinant DNA technology is the use of laboratory techniques to bring together fragments of _______________ from multiple sources. DNA The introduction of recombinant DNA molecules into living cells where the molecules are replicated to produce many identical copies is a process known as gene cloning