Table of Contents
- 1 What are the symbols on a pedigree?
- 2 What are some symbols used on a pedigree chart and what do they represent?
- 3 Which of the following pedigree symbols represents consanguineous mating?
- 4 How do you show the presence of a trait in a pedigree?
- 5 What do the circles represent on a pedigree?
- 6 Which of the following symbol is not used in pedigree analysis indicate affected male?
- 7 What is the offspring line on a pedigree?
- 8 When to use a diamond on a pedigree?
What are the symbols on a pedigree?
Basic Pedigree Symbols
- Living Unaffected male: Clear square.
- Unknown gender: Clear diamond.
- Pregnancy symbols: Use a diamond if the gender is not yet known, a circle or a square if the gender is known.
- Living Affected male: Black square.
- Adoption, place brackets around the adopted individual.
What should be included in a pedigree?
Instructions on How to Draw a Pedigree
- Write the person’s first name, or initials below the symbol.
- Write the person’s current age below the symbol.
- Indicate the disease or disorder the individual has along with the age of onset below the symbol.
- Next, draw the person’s parents.
What are some symbols used on a pedigree chart and what do they represent?
Pedigrees use a standardized set of symbols, squares represent males and circles represent females. Pedigree construction is a family history, and details about an earlier generation may be uncertain as memories fade. If the sex of the person is unknown a diamond is used.
What do the non shaded shapes represent in a pedigree?
A circle represents a female. A half-shaded circle or square indicates that a person is a carrier of the trait. A completely shaded circle or square indicates that a person expresses the trait. A circle or square that is not shaded indicates that a person neither expresses the trait nor is a carrier of the trait.
Which of the following pedigree symbols represents consanguineous mating?
In pedigree analysis a square joined with a circle by a single line means marriage whereas a square joined by two lines with a circle means mating between relatives (consanguineous marriage).
What is Diamond in pedigree?
A pedigree, also known as a genogram, is a diagram that depicts individuals who are related by blood or another factor. For example, a square icon indicates a male individual, a circle icon indicates a female individual, and a diamond icon indicates an individual of unknown/undetermined gender.
How do you show the presence of a trait in a pedigree?
In this family pedigree, black squares indicate the presence of a particular trait in a male, and white squares represent males without the trait. White circles are females. A trait in one generation can be inherited, but not outwardly apparent before two more generations (compare black squares).
What is an unaffected carrier?
A child who inherits two changed gene copies will be “affected,” meaning the child has the disorder. There is a 1 in 2 (50 percent) chance that the child will inherit one changed copy and one normal copy of the gene, and therefore be an unaffected carrier (just like the parent).
What do the circles represent on a pedigree?
In a pedigree, a circle represents a female, and a square represents a male. A filled-in circle or square shows that the individual has the trait being studied. The horizontal line that connects a circle and a square represents a marriage.
What does a half filled in circle represent in a pedigree?
A half-filled circle shows a heterozygous female for the disease allele or alleles and a half-filled square indicates a heterozygous male for the trait. An unfilled circle crossed by a line indicates a deceased female and an unfilled square crossed by a line indicates a deceased male.
Which of the following symbol is not used in pedigree analysis indicate affected male?
In pedigree analysis colored circle means affected female, square means affected male, and a diamond means affected sex unknown.
What do you need to know about pedigree symbols?
Basic Pedigree Symbols. Pregnancy symbols: Use a diamond if the gender is not yet known, a circle or a square if the gender is known. A triangle is used for any pregnancy not carried to term. Include gestational age, or estimated date of delivery (EDD) for all pregnancies.
What is the offspring line on a pedigree?
Separated, Divorce, Relationship no longer exists Line: horizontal line connecting 2 symbols with 2 diagonal hash marks. Offspring Line: Vertical line from the center of the mating line to the center of the offspring symbol or to the sibling line.
What are the symbols for fraternal twins in a pedigree?
Two arrows merging on the top of symbols determine fraternal twins. A line between the two symbols and two arrows merging at the top represents identical twins. A letter ‘A’ within the symbol and double brace indicates an adopted child. Besides these, other symbols are also illustrated in the above diagram.
When to use a diamond on a pedigree?
Basic Pedigree Symbols. Use a diamond if the gender is not yet known, a circle or a square if the gender is known. A triangle is used for any pregnancy not carried to term. Include gestational age, or estimated date of delivery (EDD) for all pregnancies. Pregnancy (P), Stillbirth (SB), Spontaneous abortion (SAB), Termination of pregnancy (TOP),