What is the difference between rows and columns in the periodic table?

What is the difference between rows and columns in the periodic table?

Periods are horizontal rows (across) the periodic table, while groups are vertical columns (down) the table. Atomic number increases as you move down a group or across a period.

How are elements in the same period different?

Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells; moving across a period (so progressing from group to group), elements gain electrons and protons and become less metallic. This arrangement reflects the periodic recurrence of similar properties as the atomic number increases.

What do rows tell you on a periodic table?

Each row represents one period; the period number of an element indicates how many of its energy levels house electrons. Moving down the table, periods are longer because it takes more electrons to fill the larger and more complex outer levels. The columns of the table represent groups, or families, of elements.

Why are elements arranged in rows and columns?

The chemical elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. The horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical columns are called groups. This is because they have the same number of outer electrons and the same valency. An example of a group in the periodic table is the alkali metal group.

Do elements in the same row have similar properties?

Elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number from left to right. Each row of the periodic table is called a period and each column of the periodic table is called a group (or family). Elements within the same period or group have similar properties.

What are the different groups in the periodic table?

Groups are numbered from 1 to 18. From left to right in the periodic table, there are two groups (1 and 2) of elements in the s-block, or hydrogen block, of the periodic table; ten groups (3 through 12) in the d-block, or transition block; and six groups (13 through 18) in the p-block, or main block.

What are the seven rows on the periodic table?

Figure 2. Bohr diagrams for hydrogen, helium, lithium, carbon, fluorine, neon, sodium, silicon, chlorine, and argon. Looking at the periodic table again (Figure 1), you will notice that there are seven rows. These rows correspond to the number of shells that the elements within that row have.

How are elements arranged to interact with one another?

How elements interact with one another depends on how their electrons are arranged and how many openings for electrons exist at the outermost region where electrons are present in an atom. Electrons exist at energy levels that form shells around the nucleus. The closest shell can hold up to two electrons.

How are the properties of elements related to each other?

Different elements have different melting and boiling points, and are in different states (liquid, solid, or gas) at room temperature. They also combine in different ways. Some form specific types of bonds, whereas others do not.

Why are hydrogen and helium in the first row on the periodic table?

If you look at the periodic table, you will see that hydrogen and helium are the only two elements in the first row. This is because they only have electrons in their first shell. Hydrogen and helium are the only two elements that have the lowest shell and no other shells.