Table of Contents
What is the example of acute toxicity?
Acute toxicity is generally thought of as a single, short-term exposure where effects appear immediately and are often reversible. An example of acute toxicity relates to the over consumption of alcohol and “hangovers”.
What are the usual signs of acute toxicity?
Acute toxicity due to overdose is mainly associated with illicit GHB use. In these cases, concomitant use of alcohol and other drugs is common. The symptoms include confusion, ataxia, nausea, vomiting, bradycardia, and coma. The depth of coma is dose dependent.
What is the difference between acute toxicosis and chronic toxicosis?
Acute toxicity tests are short-term tests that measure the effects of exposure to relatively high concentrations of chemicals. Chronic toxicity tests generally are longer-term tests that measure the effects of exposure to relatively lower, less toxic concentrations.
Does acute toxicity mean death?
Acute toxicity helps workers understand the health consequences from a single exposure to a chemical. For example, hydrogen cyanide is a highly toxic substance; acute exposure at relatively low doses can result in death.
How is acute toxicity caused?
Acute toxicity is often seen within minutes or hours after a sudden, high exposure to a chemical. However, there are a few instances where a one-time high-level exposure causes delayed effects. For example, symptoms of exposures to certain pesticides may not appear for several days.
What can cause acute poisoning?
Ethanol intoxication is the commonest type of acute poisoning and suicide by medical drug overdose is the commonest type of suicide by poisoning. Death from acute poisoning is most commonly the result of either smoke inhalation or illegal drug use.
Is acute toxicity life threatening?
A common dose-response descriptor for acute toxicity is the LD50 (Lethal Dose 50%). This is a statistically derived dose at which 50% of the individuals will be expected to die. For inhalation toxicity, air concentrations are used for exposure values. Thus, the LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50%) is used.
What is the most common target organ of toxicity?
In vitro models are developed using cells or tissues from the organs that are the typical targets of toxicity. The liver is the primary site for the metabolism of many chemicals and drugs by the body and is also the primary site of potential toxic injury (hepatotoxicity).
Does acute poisoning have a sudden effect?
What chemicals cause acute toxicity?
Examples of Compounds with a High Level of Acute Toxicity
| Acrolein | Hydrogen cyanide | Ozone |
|---|---|---|
| Arsine | Hydrogen fluoride | Phosgene |
| Chlorine | Methylfluorosulfonate | Sodium azide |
| Diazomethane | Nickel carbonyl | Sodium cyanide and other cyanide salts |
| Diborane (gas) | Nitrogen dioxide | Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) |