What is the role of flocculation?

What is the role of flocculation?

Flocculation is a process by which a chemical coagulant added to the water acts to facilitate bonding between particles, creating larger aggregates which are easier to separate. The method is widely used in water treatment plants and can also be applied to sample processing for monitoring applications.

What does flocculation do in water treatment?

Flocculation is a water treatment process where solids form larger clusters, or flocs, to be removed from water. This process can happen spontaneously, or with the help of chemical agents. It is a common method of stormwater treatment, wastewater treatment, and in the purification of drinking water.

What is the next step after flocculation process?

Conventional plants separate coagulation (or rapid-mix) stage from flocculation (or slow-mix) stage. These stages are followed by sedimentation, and then filtration.

What does coagulation and flocculation remove?

Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. Coagulation and flocculation occurs in successive steps, allowing particle collision and growth of floc.

What is the basic principle of flocculation?

Flocculation refers to the process used to bring the coagulated particles together so that they can combine to form larger, settleable, and filterable masses of particles called floc. Zeta potential is defined and its role in coagulation described.

Why is coagulation flocculation necessary?

Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Suspended solids in water have a negative charge and since they have the same type of surface charge, they repel each other when they come close together.

What is the meaning of flocculation?

Flocculation, in the field of chemistry, is a process by which colloidal particles come out of suspension to sediment under the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent.

How does flocculation occur?

In dispersed clay slurries, flocculation occurs after mechanical agitation ceases and the dispersed clay platelets spontaneously form flocs because of attractions between negative face charges and positive edge charges.

How does coagulation and flocculation work?

Coagulation and flocculation occur in successive steps intended to overcome the forces stabilising the suspended particles, allowing particle collision and growth of flocs, which then can be settled and removed (by sedimentation) or filtered out of the water.

What is flocculation in immunology?

Flocculation is a physical process of contact and adhesions wherein the aggregates form larger-size clusters called flocs being excluded from suspension. A: Direct agglutination reaction where antibodies recognize and establish links with antigens forming aggregates.

How does a flocculating agent work?

A Flocculating Agent is a chemical that is added to liquids so as to promote the microscopically dispersed insoluble particles, i.e., collides and other suspended particles in the liquids, to aggregate and form flocs. The agent helps in the removal of these suspended particles as they…

What are examples of flocculation?

For example, the Microscale Flocculation Test developed by LaRue et al. reduces the scale of conventional jar tests down to the size of a standard multi-well microplate, which yields benefits stemming from the reduced sample volume and increased parallelization; this technique is also amenable to quantitative dewatering metrics, such as

What is degree of flocculation?

The degree of flocculation can be defined mathematically as the number of particles in a system before floc- culation divided by the number of particles (flocs) after flocculation. Flocculation makes the suspension nonhomogeneous on a macroscopic scale.