What must be done to ensure the proper protein is made after the genes are delivered to the body?

What must be done to ensure the proper protein is made after the genes are delivered to the body?

The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm.

What is RNA responsible for transcription?

RNA polymerase
As complex molecule composed of protein subunits, RNA polymerase controls the process of transcription, during which the information stored in a molecule of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA.

What two processes ensure that the correct amino acid is added to a growing polypeptide chain?

What two processes ensure that the correct amino acid is added to a growing polypeptide chain? First, each aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase specifically recognizes a single amino acid and attaches it only to an appropriate tRNA. Second a tRNA charged with its specific amino acid binds only to an mRNA for that amino acid.

Does it matter which of the separated DNA chains is used for transcription?

Does it matter which of the separated DNA chains is used for transcription? Yes – along the way Uracil would replace Thymine in some scenarios which could possibly change the overall strand of amino acids.

How do proteins ensure that a vesicle is transported to the correct organelle?

By binding to the COPII coat, membrane and cargo proteins become concentrated in the transport vesicles as they leave the ER. Membrane proteins are packaged into budding transport vesicles (more…) The exit signals that direct proteins out of the ER for transport to the Golgi and beyond are mostly not understood.

What is required for transcription?

Transcription requires the DNA double helix to partially unwind such that one strand can be used as the template for RNA synthesis. The region of unwinding is called a transcription bubble.

What ensures that the correct amino acid is added?

Only the tRNA carrying the next amino acid in the polypeptide chain has the anticodon that binds to the appropriate location on the mRNA. This system ensures that amino acids are added to the chain in the correct order. At the beginning of translation, the ribosome and a tRNA attach to the mRNA.

What ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain during translation?

The large subunit of the ribosome has three sites at which tRNA molecules can bind. The A (amino acid) site is the location at which the aminoacyl-tRNA anticodon base pairs up with the mRNA codon, ensuring that correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.

What happens during the initiation step of DNA transcription?

Initiation is the beginning of transcription. It occurs when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. This signals the DNA to unwind so the enzyme can ”read” the bases in one of the DNA strands. The enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mRNA with a complementary sequence of bases.

What protein ensures correct targeting of vesicles to their destination?

golgin proteins
New research by Mie Wong from Sean Munro’s group in the LMB’s Cell Biology Division has shown that when specific vesicles arrive at their correct site, they are captured and tethered by long golgin proteins, ensuring that the cargo is delivered to the right place.

What makes up a strand of RNA during transcription?

During the process of transcription, the information encoded within the DNA sequence of one or more genes is transcribed into a strand of RNA, also called an RNA transcript. The resulting single-stranded RNA molecule, composed of ribonucleotides containing the bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U),…

How is the information encoded in DNA used to make RNA?

During transcription, the information encoded in DNA is used to make RNA. RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA, using the antisense strand of the DNA as template by adding complementary RNA nucleotides to the 3′ end of the growing strand. RNA polymerase binds to DNA at a sequence called a promoter during the initiation of transcription.

What happens to a gene after it has been transcribed?

Once a gene is transcribed, the bacterial polymerase must dissociate from the DNA template and liberate the newly made RNA. This is referred to as termination of transcription.

Where does the initiation of transcription take place?

The initiation of transcription begins at a promoter, a DNA sequence onto which the transcription machinery binds and initiates transcription. The nucleotide pair in the DNA double helix that corresponds to the site from which the first 5′ RNA nucleotide is transcribed is the initiation site.