Table of Contents
Where are Anopheles mosquitoes found?
Larvae of Anopheles mosquitoes have been found in fresh- or salt-water marshes, mangrove swamps, rice fields, grassy ditches, the edges of streams and rivers, and small, temporary rain pools. Many species prefer habitats with vegetation.
Are there Anopheles mosquitoes?
Transmission. In most cases, malaria is transmitted through the bites of female Anopheles mosquitoes. There are more than 400 different species of Anopheles mosquito; around 30 are malaria vectors of major importance. All of the important vector species bite between dusk and dawn.
Is the Anopheles mosquito found in India?
Anopheles (Cellia) culicifacies Giles species complex. Anopheles culicifacies s.l. is widely distributed in India and has been recorded in all mainland zones including Kashmir and high elevations in the Himalayas (up to 3000 meters) except islands of Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep [7,8,11].
When was malaria first discovered?
Alphonse Laveran, a military doctor in France’s Service de Santé des Armées (Health Service of the Armed Forces). The military hospital in Constantine (Algeria), where Laveran discovered the malaria parasite in 1880.
How many species of Anopheles are there?
Anopheles are insects that are medically important because of their association with malaria, filariasis and arbovirus infections. There are nearly 500 recognised species of the Anopheles mosquito. However, only a small number are vectors for human diseases.
What is the lifespan of an Anopheles mosquito?
The adult stage is when the female Anopheles mosquito acts as malaria vector. The adult females can live up to a month (or more in captivity), but most probably do not live more than two weeks in nature.
What year did malaria start?
It has probably afflicted humans throughout our evolutionary history, although the first historical reports of symptoms that match those of malaria date back to the ancient Egyptians (around 1550 B.C.) and the ancient Greeks (around 413 B.C.).
How long do Anopheles mosquitoes live?
How far can Anopheles mosquito fly?
In Anopheles atroparvus, the maximal flight distances were 10-12 km when sugar-fed, 4.5 km when blood-fed, and below 3.5 km when starved, with an average speed of 1.3 km/h.
Where is Anopheles culicifacies found in the world?
Anopheles culicifacies is a complex of five species found in Cambodia, China, Ethiopia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, India, Iran and Pakistan, and An, culicifacies A is a malaria vector found in these last three countries. The Culicifacies Complex includes five species informally named species A, B, C, D and E.
How are the members of the culicifacies complex different?
As members of the Culicifacies Complex exhibit distinctly different behaviour, a more thorough study of the bionomics of each species must be undertaken to specifically and efficiently target control efforts against those species involved in malaria transmission.
Why does Anopheles culicifacies have a sitting posture?
The control of A. culicifacies has become a formidable task due to development of insecticide resistance against all commonly used insecticides, including new-generation insecticides such as synthetic pyrethroids . It has a Culex -like sitting posture.