Who developed the first complex civilization?
Sumer, located in Mesopotamia, is the first known complex civilization, having developed the first city-states in the 4th millennium BCE. It was in these cities that the earliest known form of writing, cuneiform script, appeared around 3000 BCE.
Why did governments become more complex?
Government and religion were closely linked in early civilizations because people were ranked according to their jobs. The government became more complex as the high rank issued laws, collect taxes, and organize a system of defense.
What influenced Western civilization?
Greco-Roman Influences The first major influences on what would become Western civilization were two of Europe’s first major, settled civilizations: the Greeks and the Romans. The Greeks built the first major urban centers in European history and dedicated their lives to philosophy, arts, and learning.
What was the most significant development in the history of Western civilization?
The Renaissance and European Expansion Perhaps the most crucial development in the idea of Western Civilization in the pre-modern period was the Renaissance. The idea of the “Middle Ages” was invented by thinkers during the Renaissance, which started around 1300 CE.
What are the characteristics of a complex civilization?
These large concentrations of people are referred to as complex societies or civilizations, which share many features, including having a dense population, an agriculture-based economy, a social hierarchy, a division of labor and specialization, a centralized government, monuments, record-keeping and writing, and complex systems of belief.
How did the development of civilization take place?
The development of human civilizations was supported by large numbers of people who lived in sparsely-populated rural areas defined by agriculture, fishing, and trade. Over time, as these rural populations grew, cities began to develop.
What was the social structure of ancient civilizations?
In Ancient History, we find that civilizations show a clear social stratification. By social stratification, we understand that the dominant group of society (nobility), through the control of the State, enforced the rest of the population to pay a tribute.
When did complex societies appear in the world?
The historical consensus is that complex societies emerged from primitive societies around 4000-2000 BCE in Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley and China. According to traditional theories of how states emerged, the initial spark for the development of complex societies was an agricultural surplus.