Why sodium hexametaphosphate is used in particle size analysis?

Why sodium hexametaphosphate is used in particle size analysis?

Divalent and trivalent cations such as sodium hexametaphosphate are used in water solutions to facilitate flocculation of insoluble particles in suspension, especially colloidal size particles like clay and organic matter that have negative surface charges.

What is the role of sodium hexametaphosphate in the precipitation method is?

As a first guideline, for water with high calcium content you can add 0.5 mg/dm3 of sodium hexametaphosphate, (NaPO3)6, to prevent CaCO3 scaling. To protect from Fe or Mn precipitation, which can occur with O2 or Cl2 dissolved, pH should be above 8.

What is Polymetaphosphate?

Polymetaphosphate: Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is a hexamer of composition (NaPO3)6. Sodium hexametaphosphate of commerce is typically a mixture of polymeric metaphosphates, of which the hexamer is one, and is usually the compound referred to by this name. It is more correctly termed sodium polymetaphosphate.

What is the purpose of the dispersion techniques used for the hydrometer method of particle size analysis?

Hydrometer analysis is the most widely used technique for the analysis of fine grained soil. Dispersing agents are added in the analysis to increase the interparticle repulsion and thereby decrease the tendency of particle flocculation during sedimentation.

What is the purpose of dispersing agent?

A dispersant or a dispersing agent is a substance, typically a surfactant, that is added to a suspension of solid or liquid particles in a liquid (such as a colloid or emulsion) to improve the separation of the particles and to prevent their settling or clumping.

What is the role of hexametaphosphate in water softening process?

Now if we consider the question, it says that the polyphosphates like sodium hexametaphosphate also called calgon, are water softening agents. The reason for this is, the hexametaphosphate forms water soluble complexes with the cations, that is, calcium and magnesium cations, which are present in the hard water.

Why do we add sodium hexa meta phosphate calcium carbonate solution to the soil solution?

A significant use for sodium hexametaphosphate is as a deflocculant in the production of clay-based ceramic particles. It is also used as a dispersing agent to break down clay and other soil types for soil texture assessment.

How is sodium hexametaphosphate useful in removing the permanent hardness of water?

Adding Calgon to rough water results in sodium ions being separated from Calgon’s anion by hard water calcium and magnesium ions. The effect is the extraction from hard water, in the form of a Calgon complex, of calcium and magnesium ions. It softens the water and releases sodium ions.

Is used as stabilizing agent used in precipitation of barium sulphate?

Abstract. We describe the synthesis and structure of Barium sulfate nanoparticles by precipitation method in the presence of water soluble inorganic stabilizing agent, sodium hexametaphosphate, (NaPO3)6.

What is the constituent element of sodium polyphosphate?

Sodium phosphate is a generic term for a variety of salts of sodium (Na+) and phosphate (PO43−). Phosphate also forms families or condensed anions including di-, tri-, tetra-, and polyphosphates. Most of these salts are known in both anhydrous (water-free) and hydrated forms.

What is the purpose of the chemical agent sodium polyphosphate for preparing the sample in hydrometer test?

1.2 Hydrometers are calibrated to read 1.000 in distilled water at 68° F (20° C). However, the addition of Sodium Metaphosphate (the dispersing agent) increases the specific gravity of the solution, thereby altering the readings. This increase must be determined in order to correct the readings.

What can sodium hexametaphosphate be used for?

A significant use for sodium hexametaphosphate is as a deflocculant in the production of clay-based ceramic particles. It is also used as a dispersing agent to break down clay and other soil types for soil texture assessment. It is used as an active ingredient in toothpastes as an anti-staining and tartar prevention ingredient.

How are particle size distributions used in hydrometer analysis?

Particle size distribution obtained from sieve analysis may be combined with the data from a hydrometer analysis to produce a complete gradation curve. It is possible to approximate the percentage of silt and clay particles present in the finer portion from the hydrometer analysis.

What is the empirical formula for sodium hexametaphosphate?

Sodium hexametaphosphate ( SHMP) is a salt of composition Na 6 [ (PO 3) 6 ]. Sodium hexametaphosphate of commerce is typically a mixture of metaphosphates (empirical formula: NaPO 3 ), of which the hexamer is one, and is usually the compound referred to by this name.

How is the particle size of soil used?

Particle size is one of the criteria used to determine whether a soil is suitable for building roads, embankments, dams, etc. Information obtained from a particle size analysis can be used to predict soil-water movement if a permeability test is not available.

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